有且只有一套主谓系统的句子叫做简单句。它必须符合1+N的标准:1表示有且只有一套主谓系统,N表示非谓语的数目从0个到无穷个不等。非谓语包括to do, doing与done三种形态。下面的例句全部只有一套主谓系统(主谓系统划线,非谓语斜体)。
1. He sat on the sofa, reading an interesting book. (1个谓语+1个非谓语)
2. Hearing the good news, she couldn’t help jumping and dancing. (1个谓语+3个非谓语)
3. With too homework to do tonight, he could not help to do some cleaning. (1个谓语+2个非谓语)
4. Having been told the news, he turned and turned in bed, unable to sleep. (1个谓语+2个非谓语)