专题十 介词和介词短语
◆介词和介词短语的考查要点
介词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语,在句中充当一个成分。介词分为:简单介词,如at,in,for等;合成介词,如within,inside,onto,throughout等;短语介词,如according to,out of,because of,by means of,in spite of,instead of等;双重介词,如from behind/above/under,until after等;分词介词,如considering,including,judging (from/by) 等。
1.介词搭配
(1)“动词+介词”搭配:注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。
①rob sb.of sth./clear the road of snow(表示“夺去、除去”意义的动词与of 连用)
②supply us with food/fill the glass with wine(表示“供给”意义的动词与with连用)
③make a desk of wood/make bread from flour/make the material into a coat(表示“制作、制造”意义的动词与of,from,into连用)
④介词+the+部位与动词的关系(=动词+sb.’s+部位,可换用)
strike him on the head(表示“击;拍;碰;摸”意义的动词与on连用)
catch him by the arm(表示“抓;拉;拿;扯”意义的动词与by连用)
hit the boy in the face(表示“肚;胸;眼;脸”等人体前部的器官名词与in连用)