情态动词
情态动词作为谓语的一部分,无人称和数的变化(have to除外);一般不能单独使用,要与谓语动词构成完整谓语,但在回答时,可单独使用。情态动词有can(could),may(might),must,have to,shall(should),will(would),dare(dared),need(needed),ought to等。
[观察思考]
①Today,both male and female athletes from around the world can take part.
②I am sure all Chinese must have felt proud when Xu Haifeng won the first gold medal for his country.
③Naturally,after I tell her what to do,my daughter must do the opposite!
④You should apologize to Mary for your rude remarks.
⑤Mr.Green must be a teacher,isn't he?
⑥He may come here by train,but I am not sure.
⑦Need I pay the whole amount now?
⑧There has to be a reason for his strange behaviour.
[归纳用法]
1.can(could)
(1)表示能力,can表示现在的能力,could主要指过去的能力。
You can tell the significance of climate change to us.
你可以告诉我们气候变化的重要意义。
[名师点津] can表示能力的时候,还可以用be able to代替,can用于一般现在时,could用于一般过去时。can(could)表示具备这样的能力,但不一定做了;而be able to表示不但具备这样的能力,而且经过努力做了。
Can you come to the party tomorrow?
明天你能来参加聚会吗?
He was a good swimmer so he was able to swim to the riverbank when the boat sank.
他是一个很擅长游泳的人,所以当船下沉时,他能够游到河岸上。
(2)表示请求许可。
当请求允许做某事时,两者均可用,但用could语气更委婉。当表示允许某人做某事时,一般要用can,而不用could。
—Can/Could I use your bike tomorrow morning?
—Yes,you can./No.I'm afraid not.
——我明天早晨能用你的自行车吗?
——是的,可以。/不,恐怕不行。
(3)表示推测。
can表推测时一般用于否定句和疑问句中(could一般无此限制)。表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定时,常用“can/could+have+过去分词”的否定或疑问形式。
It can't/couldn't be true.
那不可能是真的。
We could go there this summer.
今年夏天我们可能要去那里。
(4)表示客观的可能性(并非主观推测),意思是“有时候可能会”。
The weather in Shanghai can/could be very cold in winter.
上海冬季可能很冷。
(5)表示惊异、怀疑,不相信的态度(主要用在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。
How can you be so careless!
你怎么那么粗心呀!
[即学即练1] 选词填空:can,could,be able to
①Man can not live without air.
②Being a wise person,he finally was able to find the place.
③The cheater said that he could turn stone into gold.