一、基础知识
词汇
1. freeze
词性:____________ 意思:_____________
freeze up (突然)呆住;冻住
freeze over (表面)结冰,封冻
freeze to death 冻死
be frozen to death 被冻死
be frozen to the bone寒冷刺骨
freezing water 冰冷的水
frozen water 结冰的水
2. contrary to
意思:_____________
be contrary to 与……相反
on the contrary 恰恰相反(作状语)
to the contrary 相反的;相反地(相当于形容词或副词,起形容词作用时,作后置定语)
3. proceed
词性:____________ 意思:_____________
proceed to sth. 进而做(参加)
proceed to do sth. 接着/继续做某事
proceed to Paris 去往巴黎
proceed to the next point 进入下一个论点
4. astonish
词性:____________ 意思:_____________
It astonishes sb. that...让某人感到惊讶的是……
What astonished sb. most was . . .让某人感到吃惊的是……
an astonishing story令人惊讶不已的故事
astonishing adj. 令人十分惊讶的
astonished adj. 感到十分惊讶的
astonishment n. 大为惊讶
be astonished at/by sth. 因某事而吃惊
be astonished to do sth. 因做某事而吃惊
be astonished to find/hear/learn/see. . .惊讶地发现/听到/获悉/看到……
be astonished that. . . ……令人感到惊讶
to one's astonishment 使某人大为惊讶的是
in astonishment 惊讶地
5. owe
词性:____________ 意思:_____________
owe sth.to sb. = owe sb. sth. 欠(某人情);把……归功于某人
owe $500 to his brother 欠他弟弟/哥哥500美元
owe her success to her mother 把她的成功归功于她的妈妈
owe sb.an explanation/apology 欠某人一个解释/道歉
句型
1. Standing in the distance, they were astonished to see misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls. . .
站在远处,她们惊奇地看到云雾从尼亚加拉瀑布上升起……
语法:see sb. /sth. doing
see sb. /sth. doing“看到某人/某物正在做”, 现在分词短语 rising from. . . 作宾语补足语。
see sb. do 看到某人做某事(看到动作全过程)
see sb. done 看到某人被……(表示被动或完成)
see sb. +adj. 看到某人处于……状态
2. Chinese people have been coming here for more than a hundred years.
中国人来这里已经有一百多年的历史了。
have/has been doing 一直在做……(现在完成进行时)
语法:现在完成进行时
构成:have / has been doing
意义:表示动作从过去某一时间开始,一直持续到现在,或者刚刚终止,或者可能仍然要继续下去。
注意:表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。