Ⅰ.完形填空
Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist? A successful scientist is generally a good observer.He makes full __1__ of the facts he observes.He doesn't accept ideas which are not __2__ on obvious facts, and therefore __3__ to accept authority as the only reason for truth.He always checks ideas __4__ and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of __5__ science may perhaps be considered to __6__ as far back as the __7__ of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford, who lived __8__ the years 1214 and 1292.He was probably the first in the middle ages to suggest that we must learn science __9__ observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself __10__ many important truths.
Galileo (1564－1642), however, who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, __11__ began to show how many important __12__ could be discovered by observation by degrees.Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more __13__ towards the earth than small ones, __14__ Aristotle said so.But Galileo, going to the __15__ of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two __16__ iron balls and proved Aristotle was wrong.It was Galileo's __17__ of going direct to nature, and proving our __18__ and theories by experiment that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.
What __19__ those people good scientists? From the example of Galileo, we know it clearly that successful scientists are those whose observations have __20__ better results.
1．A.use B．time
C．speed D．trust
解析：选A 根据语境可知，此处是指一个成功的科学家通常是一个好的观察者，他充分利用他观察到的事实。make full use of意为“充分利用”。
2．A.relied B．based
C．insisted D．centered
解析：选B 根据语境可知，作为一个科学家，要充分利用事实，自然不能接受不以明显事实为根据的想法。be based on ...意为“以……为基础/根据”。
3．A.refuses B．desires
C．intends D．regrets
解析：选A 根据空格前后的“He doesn't accept ideas ... and therefore ________ to accept”可知，他不接受不基于显而易见的事实的观点，因此拒绝接受把权威视作事实的唯一理由。此处指的“拒绝”。
4．A.casually B．carefully
C．quickly D．secretly
解析：选B 结合空格前后的“He always checks ideas ________ and makes experiments to prove them.”可知，此处是指他总是会仔细地核对各种想法和观点，并做实验来证明这些想法。
5．A.natural B．physical
C．ancient D．modern
解析：选D 根据第三段最后一句“... that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.”可知，此处表示的是现代科学。
6．A.date B．keep
C．look D．come
解析：选A 根据下文的“... the years 1214 and 1292”可知，现代科学的兴起可追溯到很早的时候。date back为固定搭配，意为“追溯到……”。
7．A.study B．time
C．year D．birth
解析：选B 根据空格后面的“... the years 1214 and 1292.”可知，此处表示现代科学的兴起也许可以追溯到罗杰·培根那个时代。
8．A.both B．each
C．between D．among
解析：选C 本句是指罗杰·培根生活在1214年至1292年之间。between ... and ...意为“在……和……之间”。
9．A.in B．with
C．on D．by
解析：选D 根据后面的“observing and experimenting on the things around us”可知，此处是指通过(by)观察和检验我们周围的事物。
10．A.brought B．discovered
C．took D．gave
解析：选B 结合下文“many important truths”可知，本句是指他自己发现(discovered)了许多重要的真理。
11．A.who B．when
C．that D．where
解析：选A 本句是定语从句，先行词为“Galileo”，指人要用关系词who。
12．A.truths B．problems
C．people D．subjects
解析：选A 由空格后的“could be discovered by observation by degrees”和第二段最后一句中的“many important truths”可知，很多真理可以通过观察得到发现。
13．A.slowly B．rapidly
C．lightly D．heavily
解析：选B 根据空格前后的“large bodies fell more ________ towards the earth than small ones”可知，在伽利略之前，学者们认为从同一高度下落，重的物体比轻的物体自由落体的速度更快。
14．A.although B．because
C．when D．if
解析：选B 根据空后的“Aristotle said so”可知，这里表明因为(because)亚里士多德是这样说的。
15．A.place B．foot
C．top D．ceiling
解析：选C 根据常识可知，伽利略从比萨斜塔的顶部，扔下了两个铁球。
16．A.big B．small
C．equal D．unequal
解析：选D 根据上文的“large bodies fell more ________ towards the earth than small ones”可知，此处表示扔下了两个不同重量的铁球。
17．A.spirit B．skill
C．theory D．discovery
解析：选A 这是伽利略探索自然的精神(spirit)。
18．A.plans B．opinions
C．world D．ability
解析：选B 此处与后面的“theories(理论)”相呼应，是指通过实验证明我们的观点(opinions)和理论。
19．A.makes B．prevents
C．considers D．promises
解析：选A 由下文的“are those whose observations have ________ better results”可知，此处是说“是什么使这些人成为优秀的科学家？”make意为“使成为……”。
20．A.foreseen B．rejected
C．produced D．challenged
解析：选C 根据语境可知此处是指我们清楚地认识到，成功的科学家是那些通过观察得出更好的结果的人。
