2.原因状语
过去分词(短语)作原因状语,相当于一个原因状语从句,多位于句首,偶尔也出现在句尾或句中。
Moved by the heroic deeds,the children couldn't help crying.
孩子们被英雄事迹感动,情不自禁地哭了起来。
Lost in thought, he almost knocked into a tree.
由于陷入了沉思,他差点撞到树上。
The child well brought up by his parents behaves very well.
由于受到父母很好的教育,这个孩子举止规矩有礼。
3.条件状语
过去分词(短语)作条件状语,相当于一个条件状语从句,可以在其前加上if,unless,once等,多位于句首,该状语可能是对过去被动动作的假设,也可能没有具体的时间性,表示一种客观情况。
Given more time,we could do it better.
=If (we were) given more time,we could do it better.
多给我们点时间的话,我们会做得更好。(对过去被动动作的假设)
Heated,water will turn into steam.
=If (it is) heated, water will turn into steam.
如果受热,水会变成水蒸气。