[课文清障]
Learning English
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Wang Le
Hey, everybody, what are your biggest problems with① learning English?
Liu Wen
Hi! I've been studying English since primary school.【1】 I used to② get high marks③ in English, but now I'm having a lot of trouble with④ my listening. When I listen to native English speakers talking in a video，【2】 I can catch⑤ only a few words. I can never quite get the main idea. Any advice?
【1】本句使用了现在完成进行时，表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作。
【2】此处是“listen to sb. doing”结构，现在分词短语talking in a video作宾补。
Jia Xin
Listening to English radio programmes helps me get used to how fast native speakers talk.【3】 I also repeat what I hear to help myself to experience the feeling of the language.【4】 Sometimes I even record⑥ my voice so I can listen to myself and compare⑦ my pronunciation with the radio host's⑧！ My biggest headache⑨ is how to be polite in English.【5】 It's so much easier to just say “Open the window！”，【6】 but in English that can sound really terrible. I have to think about who I'm talking to and then decide whether to say，【7】 “Open the window, please！” or “Could you open the window, please？” or even longer “Would you mind opening the window, please？”
【3】动词ing短语“Listening to English radio programmes”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；how引导的从句作介词to的宾语。
【4】“what I hear”是宾语从句，作repeat的宾语；“to help myself... language”是动词不定式作目的状语。
【5】此处是“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构，在句中作表语。
【6】此处是“It is＋adj.＋to do sth.”句式，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。
【7】此处是“whether＋to do”结构，在句中作宾语。
Li Rui
Yeah, that's really hard! I think it all depends on⑩ who you're talking to. If I'm talking to a close? friend, I can use short requests?， like “Open the window” — our relationship? is close and we're equals?， so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us?. But if I'm talking to someone who isn't very close to me, I must make my request longer — and I must make it a question, not a demand?，【8】 e．g., “Could you open the window, please？” If I'm talking to someone senior? to me, then I should say, “Would you mind opening the window, please？” For me, vocabulary? is my biggest problem — there are just SO MANY new words! I can't keep all the new vocabulary straight in my head, and I certainly can't remember how to use them all properly?.【9】 HELP!
【8】“make my request longer”属于“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补由形容词longer充当；make it a question也是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补由名词a question充当。
【9】此处是“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构，在句中作remember的宾语。
