Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern① Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells② rose③ and fell, rose and fell. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly④ gas coming out of it【1】. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat 【2】， and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide【3】， and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3：00 a．m., on 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the city's one million people were asleep⑤ as usual⑥ that night.
【1】 “coming out of it”在此为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰gas。gas与come之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。
【2】此处为“too... to...”结构，表示“太……而不能……”。
【3】“looking for places to hide”在此为现在分词短语作伴随状语，Mice与look for之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，“寻找”与“跑”同时进行。
At 3：42 a．m., everything began to shake⑦. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end⑧【4】！ Eleven kilometres directly⑨ below the city, one of the most deadly⑩ earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than? 150 kilometres away in Beijing【5】. Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads, and waterways?. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins?. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. Thousands of children were left without parents【6】. The number of? people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.
【4】本句中as if引导表语从句，该从句使用了虚拟语气。
【5】“a quake that even caused... in Beijing”为“one of the most deadly earthquakes”的同位语，其中“that even caused... in Beijing”为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a quake，that在从句中作主语。
【6】此处为“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构的被动形式。
Everywhere survivors? looked, there was nothing but ruins【7】. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent of the city's factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone?. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away?. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross【8】. The railway tracks? were now useless? pieces of metal. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of? water. People were in shock21 — and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down22. Water, food, and electricity23 were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last【9】．
【7】Everywhere survivors looked是地点状语从句。Everywhere既是地点副词，也作连词，引导地点状语从句。主句中用了“nothing but...”结构，but是介词，意为“除……之外”；该结构后可跟名词、代词或动词不定式，如果nothing前面有实义动词do时，后跟的动词不定式要省略to。
【8】此处是“主语＋be＋adj.(＋for sb.)＋不定式”句型，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。下文中的“Water, food, and electricity were hard to get”也属于此句型。
【9】how在此作连接副词，引导宾语从句，同时作状语修饰形容词long。But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out24 those who were trapped25 and to bury26 the dead【10】. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care27. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe28 again.
【10】本句中“to dig out... and to bury the dead”为两个并列的动词不定式作目的状语，其中who were trapped为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those；先行词为those且指人时，定语从句要用who引导。the dead表示“死者”，属于“the＋adj.”结构。Tangshan started to revive29 itself and get back up on its feet30. With strong support from the government and the tireless31 efforts32 of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved33 to China and the rest of the world that in times of34 disaster, people must unify35 and show the wisdom36 to stay positive and rebuild37 for a brighter future【11】 .
【11】本句使用了“prove to... that...”结构，that引导的宾语从句作prove的直接宾语；其中to stay positive为不定式短语作后置定语，修饰抽象名词wisdom。
[词语积累]
①northeastern/?n??θ'i?st?n/adj. 东北部的，来自东北部的
southwestern/?sa?θ'west?n/adj. 西南部的，西南的
②well n. 井
③rise (rose, risen) vi. 上升；起床
④smelly/'smeli/adj. 有难闻气味的
⑤asleep adj. 睡着的(为表语形容词)
fall asleep 睡着
fast/sound asleep 熟睡
⑥as usual 像通常一样
⑦shake v. (shook, shaken)(使)颤动，摇动
⑧come to an end 结束
⑨directly/d?'rektli/adv. 恰好，正好地；径直；立即
conj. 一……就……
directly below/ahead 正下方/正前方
⑩deadly/'dedli/adj. (deadlier, deadliest) 致命的；十足的，彻底的 adv. 极其，非常
?more than 超过；不仅仅；非常
no more than 仅仅；不超过
?waterway n. 水路，航道
landway/land route 陆路
air route 航路
?in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
ruin/'ru??n/n.&vt. 破坏；毁坏
?the number of... ……的数量。后跟可数名词复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
[复习]a number of... 很多……。后跟可数名词复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
?survivor/s?'va?v?(r)/n. 幸存者；生还者
survival/s?'va?vl/n. 生存；幸存；存活
?gone adj. 不复存在；用完了；(人)离开了。为形容词化的过去分词，在句中常作表语。
?blow... away 把……吹走；把……驱散
?railway track 铁路轨道
track n. 轨道；(人)踩出的小道；踪迹 v. 跟踪
?useless adj. 没用的
[反义]useful adj. 有用的
[思考]具有相同词根并分别以ful和less结尾的形容词都互相是反义词吗？
?instead of prep. 代替，作为……的替换(后跟名词、代词、ving)
[复习]instead adv. 相反；而是(与完整的句子连用)
21in shock 震惊；吃惊(通常作表语)
shock/??k/n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊
22fall down 倒塌；跌倒
fall over 跌倒
23electricity/??lek'tr?s?ti/n. 电；电能
24dig out 挖掘出；找出，发现
25trap/træp/vt. (trapped, trapped) 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱
be trapped in... 被困在……中
26bury/'beri/vt. 埋葬；安葬
be buried in... 被埋于……里面；埋头于……
27medical care 医疗护理
28breathe/bri?ð/vi.&vt. 呼吸
breath/breθ/n. 呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气
29revive/r?'va?v/vt.&vi. 复活；(使)苏醒
revival/r?'va?vl/n. 振兴；复苏
30on one's feet 站着，站立
rise to one's feet 站起来
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
31tireless/'ta??l?s/adj. 不知疲倦的，精力充沛的
tired adj. 疲倦的，疲劳的
32effort/'ef?t/n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
33prove/pru?v/vt. 证明；证实 linking verb 后来被发现是，最终显现为
34in times of... 在……的时候
at times 有时
35unify/'ju?n?fa?/vi.&vt. 统一；(使)成一体
unified adj. 统一的
36wisdom/'w?zd?m/n. 智慧；才智
[构词法]dom为常见的名词后缀，由它构成的词还有：freedom(自由)，boredom(无聊)等。
37rebuild/?ri?'b?ld/vt. 重建，重组
[构词法]re为常见的动词前缀，表示“再，又”，由它构成的词还有：rewrite(重写)，return(返回)等。
