Review the usage of v–ing form:

1. Write the following pairs of sentences(or other similar ones)on the board.

I was feeling tired. I went to bed early→

Feeling tired I went to bed early

I worked hard all day. I went to bed early→

Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early.

1.       Ask student to consider when the action in each pair of sentences happened and

Lead them to understand that in the first pair of sentences, the feeling and the

action are happening at the same time; whereas in the second pair, the working all

day happened before he/she was tired.

3. Examine the sentences below and discuss in what way the structures similar to each other and in what way they are different

Looking carefully at the ground, I made my way to the edge of the crater.

Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn’t take much notice.

Having + past participle (the perfect v–ing form) to refer to an action that took place before the time expressed by main verb.