A
This International Women's Day, we're celebrating four women who changed the face of science forever.
Anandibai Joshee, born in 1865 in India, became India's first woman physician with a medical degree. After graduation from a Woman's Medical College, she accepted an offer from the governor minister of Kolhapur in India to serve as “Lady Doctor of Kolhapur”. She died at 21 from tuberculosis. Despite her short life, Joshee's accomplishments were unprecedented for an Indian woman, and her achievements open the door for other Indian women to quickly follow.
Mamie Clark, an American social psychologist, specialized in child development in black children. In 1946, Clark and Kenneth founded the only mental health organization for black children in New York. Clark was awarded the American Association of University achievement award in 1973, and ten years later the National Coalition of 100 Black Women awarded her the Candace Award for humanitarianism.
Geochemist Katsuko Saruhashi was born in Tokyo in 1920. Saruhashi became the first woman elected to the Science Council of Japan, the first woman to win the Miyake Prize for Geochemistry, and the first woman recipient of an award from the Society of Sea Water Science in Japan. In 1981, she founded the Saruhashi Prize, a prize awarded annually to a female role model in science.
Born in Los Angeles, California, Ochoa was the first Latina woman to fly in space as part of the crew of the shuttle Discovery in 1993. In 1990, Ochoa was selected to astronaut candidacy as part of a group of twenty-three NASA astronauts, and became an astronaut a year later. Her first spaceflight was aboard Discovery as a mission specialist and lasted nine days, in which the crew conducted scientific experiments and deployed a research satellite to study the solar corona.
1. Who was appointed by the government to work as an expert?
A. Anandibai Joshee.
B. Mamie Clark.
C. Katsuko Saruhashi.
D. Ochoa.
2. What did Mamie Clark and Katsuko Saruhashi have in common?
A. They set an award.
B. They were Americans.
C. They were awarded twice.
D. They majored in water science.
3. Where is the text most probably from?
A. A poster. B. A magazine. C. A guidebook. D. A report.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学界四位伟大女性的个人经历。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“After graduation from a Woman's Medical College, she accepted an offer from the governor minister of Kolhapur in India to serve as ‘Lady Doctor of Kolhapur’.(从一所女子医学院毕业后，她接受了印度戈尔哈布尔市市长的邀请，担任“戈尔哈布尔女医生”)”可知，被政府聘请担任专家的是Anandibai Joshee。故填A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Clark was awarded the American Association of University achievement award in 1973, and ten years later the National Coalition of 100 Black Women awarded her the Candace Award for humanitarianism.(1973年，Clark被授予美国大学协会成就奖，10年后全国100名黑人妇女联盟授予她人道主义坎迪斯奖)”可知，Mamie Clark获过两次奖。根据第四段第二句“Saruhashi became the first woman elected to the Science Council of Japan, the first woman to win the Miyake Prize for Geochemistry, and the first woman recipient of an award from the Society of Sea Water Science in Japan.(Saruhashi成为第一位当选为日本科学委员会的女性成员，首位获得三宫城地球化学奖的女性，以及首位获得日本海水科学学会奖项的女性)”可知，Katsuko Saruhashi 也获过两次奖。因此Mamie Clark和Katsuko Saruhashi的共同点是都获过两次奖。故选C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“This International Women's Day, we're celebrating four women who changed the face of science forever.(今年的国际妇女节，我们要庆祝四位永久改变了科学面貌的女性)”可知，文章的主题是契合今年的妇女节，因此有一定的及时性，但是并没有讲述实效性很强的新闻。同时，文中没有指导类的信息以及广告信息，所以文章最可能来源于杂志。故选B项。
