A
(2021·吉林模拟)
Inside the white, bacteria-free walls of a new building on the southern outskirts of Beijing, two employees wearing masks and rubber gloves are busy injecting a clear, colorless liquid into rows of small bottles.
The 215, 000 square feet production plant was built in recent months specifically for producing a COVID-19 vaccine (疫苗) developed by Chinese pharmaceutical company Sinovac Biotech. CoronaVac, the vaccine candidate from Sinovac, is part of China’s push to be at the forefront of roling out immunizations (免疫接种) against the deadly novel coronavirus.
The Nasdaq-listed biotech company began developing its vaccine in late January, less than a week after Wuhan—the original epicenter of China’s coronavirus outbreak—went into a strict lockdown.
By June, China had largely contained the coronavirus, dealing with only a small number of outbreaks. Those newly reported COVID-19 cases in China didn’t meet the necessary conditions for a Phase 3 trial, so Sinovac reached an agreement with Brazil—which ranks second in the world for infections, with more than 3. 6 million reported cases.
In cooperating with the Butantan Institute in Sao Paulo, a Phase 3 study was launched in late July involving 9, 000 volunteers, all health professionals who have worked with COVID-19 patients but haven’t been infected with the virus.
The tests are ongoing. But Dimas Covas, president of the Butantan Institute, said Wednesday primary data shows CoronaVac developed immunity in 97% of the people vaccinated after two doses—a level he said was“fundamental to break the chain of transmission of the coronavirus. ”
【文章大意】本文主要讲的是中国研发新冠肺炎疫苗的事情, 介绍了这个项目的过程和到目前为止的进展。
1. From which of the following is the text probably taken?
A. A biology textbook. B. A news report.
C. A book review. D. A travel brochure.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。本文主要讲的是中国研发新冠肺炎疫苗的事情, 介绍了这个项目到目前为止的进展。由此可推断出, 文章应该是一篇新闻报道。故选B。
2. What does the underlined phrase“rolling out” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Launching. B. Distributing.
C. Guarding. D. Burning.
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第二段CoronaVac, the vaccine candidate from Sinovac, is part of China’s push to be at the forefront of rolling out immunizations against the deadly novel coronavirus可知, 来自Sinovac的候选疫苗CoronaVac, 是中国推出的对抗这种致命病毒的疫苗。由此可推断出, 画线词所在处表达的是“中国在开展免疫接种上走在前列”, “launching”意为“发起, 开始从事”, 符合语境。故选A。
3. What is the necessary condition for a Phase 3 trial?
A. China’s successful lockdown in Wuhan.
B. A sufficient number of infected patients.
C. All health professionals and volunteers.
D. The Nasdaq-listed biotech company.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段Those newly reported COVID-19 cases in China didn’t meet the necessary conditions for a Phase 3 trial, so Sinovac reached an agreement with Brazil—which ranks second in the world for infections, with more than 3. 6 million reported cases. 可知, 因为中国已经基本控制了新冠病毒, 中国新报道的COVID-19病例不符合进行第三阶段实验的必要条件, 因此, Sinovac与报道病例超过360万例的全球感染率排名第二的巴西合作。 由此可推断出, 第三阶段实验的必要条件是足够数量的感染病人。故选B。
4. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Forefront: China’s push to develop a coronavirus vaccine.
B. Lockdown: China’s successful move to contain the outbreaks.
C. Infection: Brazil’s ranking second to surprise the world.
D. Immunity: Brazil’s effort to break the chain of transmission.
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据文章内容及第二段关键句“CoronaVac, the vaccine candidate from Sinovac, is part of China’s push to be at the forefront of rolling out immunizations against the deadly novel coronavirus可知, 文章主要讲的是中国研发新冠肺炎疫苗的事情, 介绍了这个项目的过程和到目前为止的进展。“Forefront: China’s push to develop a coronavirus vaccine. 前沿:中国推动研发新冠肺炎疫苗。”能够概括文章内容。故选A。
【知识拓展】新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划
新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划(COVAX)是由全球疫苗免疫联盟、世界卫生组织和流行病预防创新联盟共同提出并牵头进行的项目, 拟于2021年底前向全球提供20亿剂新冠肺炎疫苗, 供应给“自费经济体”和“受资助经济体”。
2020年10月8日, 中国同全球疫苗免疫联盟签署协议, 正式加入“新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划”。截至10月19日, 各国正在研发并登记在册的候选新冠疫苗共有198种, 其中44种已进入临床试验阶段;加入“新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划”的国家和地区已达184个。
【加固训练】 阅读理解
(2021·开封模拟)
China’s health and education authorities on Monday required the country’s schools to establish systems to report HIV/AIDS infection cases in students.
The National Health and Family Planning Commission and the Ministry of Education said in a joint circular that infections of the virus among young students saw a marked rise in recent years, a sign of problems in education and students’ awareness about HIV/AIDS prevention.
The two authorities required local health and education agencies to improve awareness at schools and called for establishment of an infection reporting system and regular consultation mechanism to analyze the cause of infections and formulate countermeasures.
The circular also urged proper protection of infected students’ privacy.
“Students in secondary schools and older should attend special classes on HIV/AIDS prevention focused on prevention of unsafe behavior as well as sexual responsibility and morality, ” the circular said.
It also pledged financial support for volunteer services. The circular said HIV/AIDS voluntary counselling and testing services should be improved and schools should encourage students with risky behavior to use the services.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了中国卫生和教育部门要求各地学校加强学生艾滋病预防宣传教育, 建立完善的防控体系, 完善对艾滋病防范的服务。
1. What does the underlined word “circular” in the second paragraph mean?
A. Round. B. Notice.
C. Advertisements. D. News.
【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据上文The National Health and Family Planning Commission and the Ministry of Education said in a joint与下文infections of the virus among young students saw a marked rise in recent years, a sign of problems in education and students’ awareness about HIV/AIDS prevention. 可知:近年来, 青年学生中的病毒感染明显增加, 这是教育和学生对艾滋病病毒/艾滋病的预防意识存在问题的迹象, 是对circular的具体阐述, 其内容是一份公告和通知, 由此可见, circular意思为“通知;公告”, 故选B。
2. From the passage, we can infer that .
A. students have fully realized the meaning of HIV/AIDS
B. China’s health and education authorities pay little attention to HIV/AIDS issues in Chinese students
C. students’ awareness about HIV/AIDS should be greatly improved
D. HIV/AIDS infection cases in students have drawn no concern among students
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第五段“Students in secondary schools and older should attend special classes on HIV/AIDS prevention focused on prevention of unsafe behavior as well as sexual responsibility and morality, ” the circular said. 可知, 该通知称, 中学及以上年级的学生应参加以预防不安全行为以及性责任和道德为重点的艾滋病病毒/艾滋病预防特别班。由此可见, 应加大提高学生对艾滋病病毒/艾滋病的认识, 故选C。
3. What can be the best title for the text?
A. Call for reports on students with HIV.
B. Public concerns about HIV/AIDS infection.
C. Volunteer services for HIV/AIDS infection cases.
D. To ignore HIV/AIDS infection cases is wrong.
【解析】选C。标题归纳题。根据文章大意可知, 本文主要讲述了中国卫生和教育部门要求各地学校加强学生艾滋病预防宣传教育, 建立完善的防控体系, 完善对艾滋病防范的服务。故选C。
【知识拓展】长难句分析
The two authorities required local health and education agencies to improve awareness at schools and called for establishment of an infection reporting system and regular consultation mechanism to analyze the cause of infections and formulate countermeasures.
分析:这是一个简单句, 有两个并列谓语动词required和called for。to improve awareness at schools是第一个谓语动词之后的目的状语;to analyze the cause of infections and formulate countermeasures是第二个谓语动词后的目的状语。
翻译:这两个部门要求当地的卫生和教育部门提高在校意识, 要求建立感染报告机制以及定期咨询机制来分析感染原因、制定对策。
