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(2020·成都市高中毕业班三诊)
“Like a monster, it destroys everything.” That's how one school girl described a tsunami (海啸)．
On Dec. 26, 2004, a magnitude-9.1 earthquake in Indonesia set off a massive tsunami. It killed more than 290,000 people across a dozen countries and cost an estimated $10 billion in damage.
Nov. 5 is World Tsunami Awareness Day and at the United Nations, disaster risk reduction was high on the agenda.
“What I can tell you is that the tsunami wave cannot be stopped，” said Bulgarians U. N. Ambassador Georgi Velikov Panayotov. He was on vacation in Thailand in 2004 and survived the tsunami. “What we can do is build early warning systems and, of course, educate the population about the damaging power of the tsunami wave，” he said.
On March 11, 2011, a magnitude-9 earthquake rocked northeastern Japan triggering a fierce tsunami that also damaged the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant, south of Sendai.
“When the big earthquake hit Japan in 2011, people thought that we were prepared for it，” said Japan's U. N. Ambassador Koro Bessho. “It caused severe damage. We had dams; we had drills. However, we had been counting on something that hits every 100 years and the earthquake was of the size of possibly every 500 years or thousand years，” he said.
These two events sent the countries of the region into overdrive to review and improve disaster preparedness. In 2015 the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction was born. It aims to help create a better understanding of disaster risk and improve preparedness for an effective response.
Indonesia is made up of thousands of islands which are disaster-prone (灾害频发的). Willem Rampangilei, head of Indonesia National Board for Disaster Management, said his government now has plans for every disaster-prone city.
Countries at risk are also expanding their education programs. Children from an early age are taught how to react in case of a tsunami and then go with their classmates to higher ground away from coastal areas to avoid the walls of water the tsunami triggers.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了两次海啸带来的灾难及人们面对海啸应该做什么，并说明一些国家已在改进灾害防范准备工作以减少损害。
1．What does Georgi Velikov Panayotov mainly talk about？ B
A. The general features of a tsunami.
B．Ways for humans to face a tsunami.
C．His suffering in the 2004 tsunami.
D．The loss caused by the 2004 tsunami.
解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的“Georgi Velikov Panayotov”定位到第四段，根据Georgi Velikov Panayotov所说的话“What I can tell you is that the tsunami wave cannot be stopped”“What we can do is build early warning systems and，of course，educate the population about the damaging power of the tsunami wave”可知，他主要谈论的是人类面对海啸的方式。故B项正确。
2．In Koro Bessho's opinion, why did the 2011 earthquake cause severe damage？ C
A．It caused a fierce tsunami.
B．It destroyed a nuclear plant.
C．The size was beyond expectation.
D．There was no effective defense system.
解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的“Koro Bessho”定位到第六段，根据该段中的“We had dams；we had drills.However，we had been counting on something that hits every 100 years and the earthquake was of the size of possibly every 500 years or thousand years”可知，Koro Bessho认为地震规模超出了预期，造成了严重破坏。故C项正确。
3．What common belief pushed different countries to take action to face a coming tsunami？ B
A．Children should be protected by all means.
B．The improvement of preparedness can reduce damage.
C．Proper response in case of a tsunami can save one's life.
D. Stronger measures should be taken in disaster-prone areas.
解析：细节理解题。根据第七段第一句“These two events sent the countries of the region into overdrive to review and improve disaster preparedness.”可知，这些地区的国家都认为改进防灾准备工作可以减少损害。故B项正确。
4．Which can be the best title of the text？ D
A． World Tsunami Awareness Day
B．Nations Attacked by a Massive Tsunami
C．The Unpredictable and Destructive Disaster
D．Learn from Disasters to Prevent Future Ones
解析：标题判断题。本文主要介绍了两次海啸带来的灾难及人们面对海啸应该做什么，并说明一些国家已在改进防灾准备工作以减少损害。故D项“从灾难中学习以预防未来的灾难”最适合作本文标题。
