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Grown­ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play, catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.

One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, extra learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.

In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.

The multiplication tables(³Ë·¨¿Ú¾÷±í) are an exception (ÀýÍâ) to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.

The law of overlearning explains why cramming (Í»»÷ѧϰ) for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is soon likely to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.

32£®What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?

A£®People remember well what they learned in childhood. 

B£®Children have a better memory than grown­ups.

C£®Poem reading is a good way to learn words. 

D£®Stories for children are easy to remember.

33£®How does the author explain the law of overlearning?

A£®Presenting research findings. 

B£®Setting down general rules.

C£®Making a comparison.  

D£®Using examples.

34£®What does the word “they” in Paragraph 4 refer to?

A£®Commonly accepted rules.  B£®The multiplication tables.

C£®Things easily forgotten.     D£®School subjects.

35£®What is the author's opinion on cramming?

A£®It's helpful only in a limited way.      B£®It leads to failure in college exams.

C£®It's possible to result in poor memory.  D£®It increases students'  learning interest.

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E­waste is fast becoming a serious global problem. __36__

The source of e­waste

We live in a society that constantly produces and consumes electronic products. It is often cheaper to buy new pieces of equipment than to repair old ones. Also, through clever advertising, companies persuade consumers to replace their old TVs, mobile phones and computers for the latest models. E­waste is created when we throw away electronic equipment like this. In the EU alone, about 8.7 million tonnes of e­waste is produced each year. __37__

The problem with e­waste

Burying e­waste in landfills or burning it causes serious problems for the environment.__38__  These substances can then leak into the ground in landfills or pollute the air when they are burnt.

Global recycling schemes (¼Æ»®)

__39__ However, their schemes are not always managed properly and sometimes electronics are just sent to poor countries such as Ghana. Here they are often burnt in public areas, which is very bad for people's health. Setting up recycling programs in the countries that create e­waste could solve this problem. E­cycling centres could recycle the parts that we can reuse and properly dispose of the rest.

Take­back policy

Another solution to e­waste is to make manufacturers responsible for their used products. This could mean forcing them to take back old products which are no longer wanted. __40__

Consuming less

We can all reduce the amount of waste we produce by buying electrical products only when we have to.

A£®In recent years, many countries have started recycling e­waste.

B£®They should then make sure they are properly recycled or reused.

C£®Sadly, just over one million tonnes is recycled.

D£®This report will examine this problem and provide some possible solutions.

E£®By resisting the temptation to buy a product just to have the latest version, we cut down on e­waste.

F£®Electronics contain dangerous chemicals and metals.

G£®Both manufacturers and consumers must accept their responsibilities and make efforts to keep it to a minimum.