£¨2012·ÉϺ£¸ß¿¼ÕæÌ⣩People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another   9   , subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble£¨°í½Å£© and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his   10   ; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to   11   aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In   12   these and other research findings, two themes are   13   : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think   14   assistance.

In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid.   15   , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be   16   , but had apparently been "lost". The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very   17   person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to   18   the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive.

The degree of   19   between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n)   20   T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.

Whether a person receives help depends in part on the "worth" of the case. For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone.   21   to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for   22   than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be   23   rather than drunk.

9£®A£®study         B£®way              C£®word             D£®college

10£®A£®hand         B£®arm              C£®face             D£®back

11£®A£®refuse       B£®beg              C£®lose             D£®receive

12£®A£®challenging  B£®recording        C£®understanding    D£®publishing

13£®A£®important    B£®possible         C£®amusing          D£®missing

14£®A£®seek         B£®deserve          C£®obtain           D£®accept

15£®A£®At first     B£®Above all        C£®In addition      D£®For example

16£®A£®printed      B£®mailed           C£®rewritten        D£®signed

17£®A£®talented     B£®good-looking     C£®helpful          D£®hard-working

18£®A£®send in      B£®throw away       C£®fill out         D£®turn down

19£®A£®similarity   B£®friendship       C£®cooperation      D£®contact

20£®A£®expensive    B£®plain            C£®cheap            D£®strange

21£®A£®time         B£®instructions     C£®money            D£®chances

22£®A£®shoppers     B£®research         C£®children         D£®health

23£®A£®talkative    B£®handsome         C£®calm             D£®sick

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