Ⅰ. 阅读理解
Different contexts affect food production, processing, trade, marketing and consumption. As a result of this, the food availability, accessibility, and affordability—as well as consumers’ dietary behaviour and nutritional status—vary. One possible picture is presented here to provide an idea on how COVID-19 might impact the global food system.
Consumer demand plays a crucial role in food production and their demands depend on purchasing power and preference. Because of the lockdown, there is no work for many people. As a result, they do not have enough money to buy adequate food for their families. The closure of restaurants, school meals and tourism businesses may reduce the demand for fresh food. People buy frozen, dried and canned food with longer shelf life. Energy-dense, less nutritious foods are often more affordable than fresh and nutritious one.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, COVID-19 is not likely to be transmitted through food. However, workers can get infected by each other if they do not maintain social distance properly. Shortage of labor can not only hamper food production, but also the processing of food.
Around the world, millions of people depend on international trade either for their livelihood or food security. The virus outbreak might slow down global trade and marketing of food. As a result, countries depending on imported food can face difficulties. The closure of ports and other supply restrictions will hamper food supply. The price of transferring food within and outside of the country may get more expensive. It means import may get more expensive and export may bring less money. On the other hand, the restriction in transport and supply can be the cause of food loss particularly for fresh fruits and vegetables. Companies may face difficulties to import the ingredients for different products which may disturb the production.
【文章大意】不同的环境影响食品生产、加工、贸易、营销和消费。因此, 食物的可获得性、可承受性以及消费者的膳食与营养状况不同。本文讲述了新冠病毒肺炎对食物体系的影响。
1. The passage is mainly about _______.
A. why the food system is easily affected by COVID-19
B. how the world may be affected by COVID-19 outbreak
C. what effect COVID-19 may have on the food system
D. what contexts affect food production
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据第一段“One possible picture is presented here to provide an idea on how COVID-19 might impact the global food system. ”(这里提供一幅可能的图景, 以说明新型冠状病毒肺炎可能如何影响全球粮食系统)可知, 本文主要讲述了新冠病毒肺炎对食物体系有什么影响。故选C。
2. How is consumers’ dietary behavior changing now?
A. They are eating more fresh food.
B. Energy-dense food is not popular with them.
C. They buy more less nutritious food.
D. A balanced diet provides adequate nutrition for them.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段“People buy frozen, dried and canned food with longer shelf life. Energy-dense, less nutritious foods are often more affordable than fresh and nutritious one. ”(人们购买冷冻, 保质期较长的干燥和罐装食品。高能量、低营养的食物往往比新鲜、有营养的食物更便宜 )可知, 在新冠病毒肺炎爆发时, 消费者的膳食与营养状况正在改变, 人们会买更多缺少营养的食物。故选C。
3. Paragraph 3 is related to food _______.
A. gathering B. trade
C. market D. processing
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段“However, workers can get infected by each other if they do not maintain social distance properly. Shortage of labor can not only hamper food production, but also the processing of food. ”(但是, 如果不适当地保持社交距离, 员工之间也会感染。劳动力短缺不仅影响食品生产, 还影响食品加工)可知, 第三段和食物加工有关。故选D。
4. Which of the following leads to the shortage of fresh food?
A. Growing concern for food security.
B. Inadequate ingredients.
C. Increased processed food.
D. Limited transport and supply.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段“On the other hand, the restriction in transport and supply can be the cause of food loss particularly for fresh fruits and vegetables. ”(另一方面, 运输和供应方面的限制可能是粮食损失的原因, 特别是新鲜水果和蔬菜)可知, 有限的运输和供应造成新鲜食物的短缺。故选D。
【知识拓展】佳词积累
1. availability 可用性
2. accessibility 可达性
3. affordability 可负担性
4. food security 食品安全
5. lockdown 封锁
6. play a crucial role in. . . 在……起着至关重要的作用
7. slow down 减缓, 放慢
