Ⅰ.阅读理解
Barbara McClintock was one of the most import scientists of the twentieth century. She made important discoveries about genes (基因) and chromosomes (染色体)．
Barbara McClintock was born in 1902 in Hartford, Connecticut. Her family moved to Brooklyn area of New York City in 1908. Barbara was an active child with interests in sports and music. She also developed an interest in science.
She studied science at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. Barbara was among a small number of undergraduate students to receive training in genetics in 1921. Years later, she noted that few college students wanted to study genetics.
Barbara McClintock decided to study botany, the scientific study of plants, at Cornell University. She completed her undergraduate studies in 1923. McClintock decided to continue her education at Cornell. She completed a master's degree in 1925. Two years later, she finished all her requirements for a doctorate degree.
McClintock stayed at Cornell after she completed her education. She taught students botany. The 1930s were not a good time to be a young scientist in the United States. The country was in the middle of the great economic Depression. Millions of Americans were unemployed. Male scientists were offered jobs. But female geneticists were not much in demand.
An old friend from Cornell, Marcus Rhoades, invited McClintock to spend the summer of 1941 working at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. It is a research center on Long Island, near New York City. McClintock started in a temporary (临时的) job with the genetics department. A short time later, she accepted a permanent (永久的) position with the laboratory. This gave her the freedom to continue her research without having to teach or repeatedly ask for financial aid.
By the 1970s, her discoveries had had an effect on everything from genetic engineering to cancer research. McClintock won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes. She was the first American woman to win an unshared Nobel Prize.
这是一篇人物传记类阅读。文章主要讲述了著名女科学家Barbara McClintock的经历以及她在基因和染色体研究方面取得的重大成就。
1．When did McClintock receive a doctorate degree?
A．In 1921. B．In 1923. C．In 1925. D．In 1927.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。答案定位在第四段She completed a master's degree in 1925. Two years later, she finished all her requirements for a doctorate degree.可知Barbara McClintock在1925年获得了硕士学位。两年之后，她获得了博士学位。故可推知Barbara McClintock在1927年取得了博士学位，故选D。
2．During the great economic Depression in the US, ________.
A．young scientists had trouble finding a job
B．female geneticists were not wanted at all
C．male geneticists were in great demand
D．male scientists were out of job
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。答案定位在第五段 The 1930s were not a good time to be a young scientist in the United States. The country was in the middle of the great economic Depression. Millions of Americans were unemployed. Male scientists were offered jobs. But female geneticists were not much in demand.由此可知，在二十世纪三十年代，经济萧条，很多美国人失业，年轻科学家很难找到工作，男科学家能找到工作，但是女性遗传学家的需求量不大。由此可推知，年轻的科学家在经济大萧条时期找工作可能是困难的，故选A。
3．McClintock was awarded a Nobel Prize because of ________.
A．her research in botany
B．her contribution to genetic engineering
C．her discoveries about genes and chromosomes
D．her unshared work in the laboratory
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。答案定位在最后一段McClintock won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes.可知McClintock因发现基因在染色体上改变位置的能力，而于1983年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，故选C。
4．The text is likely to appear in ________.
A．a biography B．a history paper
C．a newspaper D．a philosophy textbook
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。本文主要讲述了著名女科学家Barbara McClintock的经历以及她在基因和染色体研究方面取得的重大成就。由此可知文章可能来自一本人物传记，故选A。
