Ⅰ.阅读理解
Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience? Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of education can make a genius (天才) out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surrounding (环境). Thus the limits of person's intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supposed in a number of ways.
It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be intelligent. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from population, it is likely that their degree of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand, we take two identical twins, they will very likely to be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.
Imagine now that we take two identical (完全相同的) twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the working is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this shows that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degree of intelligence.
这是一篇说明文。有些人天生聪明，有些人天生愚钝？还是人的智力是随着经验和环境得到了发展？这些问题的答案是肯定的。因此，在某种程度上人的智力是天生的，但是随着环境的变化，经验的增长，人的智力也随之增长。
1．Which of these sentences best describes the writer's point in Paragraph 1?
A．To some extent, intelligence is given at birth.
B．Intelligence is developed by the environment.
C．Some people are born clever and others born stupid.
D．Intelligence is fixed at birth, but is developed by the environment.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。由第一段“Thus the limits of person's intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. ”可知，人的智力的极限在出生时就已经确定了，他是否能达到这些极限将取决于他所处的环境。所以D选项“智力在出生时是固定的，但随着环境的变化而发展”最能描述作者在第一段中的观点。故D选项正确。
2．It is suggested in this passage that ________.
A．unrelated people are not likely to have different intelligence
B．close relations usually have similar intelligence
C．the closer the blood relationship between people, the more different they are likely to be in intelligence
D．people who live in close contact with each other are not likely to have similar degrees of intelligence
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。由第二段中“The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be intelligent.”和最后一段“This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degree of intelligence.”可知，血缘关系越近，智力水平越相似。这一结论也被一个事实所证实，生活中彼此密切接触的，但却完全没有血缘关系的人，他们的智力水平可能是相似的。所以这篇文章表明亲密关系的人通常有相似的智力。故B选项正确。
3．Brothers and sisters are likely to ________.
A．have similar intelligence B．have different intelligence
C．go to the same university D．go to the same factory
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。由倒数第二段“ Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence，”可知，像兄弟姐妹、父母和孩子这样的关系，通常都有相似的智力。所以兄弟姐妹可能有相似的智力。故A选项正确。
4．The best title for this article would be ________.
A．Intelligence
B．What Intelligence Means
C．We Are Born with Intelligence
D．Environment Plays a Part in Developing Intelligence
答案：D
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，有些人天生聪明，有些人天生愚钝？还是人的智力是随着经验和环境得到了发展？这些问题的答案是肯定的。因此，在某种程度上人的智力是天生的，但是随着环境的变化，经验的增长，人的智力也随之增长。所以短文最佳的标题为“环境在智力发展中发挥着作用”。故D选项正确。
