核心素养 培养科学精神, 摒弃唯心主义, 树立科学的宇宙观, 用科学方法解决问题
高考链接 2019全国卷Ⅱ· D; 2018北京卷·B
Ⅰ. 话题与高考阅读理解
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ· D)
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution(解决方案). “We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers, ” says Florence Gold, a project manager.
“There are no tests, ” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than’Are you working towards your goal? ’ Basically, it’s ’I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA. ’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and. . . it’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product. ”
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach. ” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.
【文章大意】困扰着美国的宇航员的细菌问题会如何解决? 这一问题求助于一群学生。Gordon领导的学生们一直忙于解决零重力下细菌的问题, 他们没有别的作业, 一直忙于他们的目标, 帮助航天员解决细菌的问题。他们每天都通过HUNCH项目和航天员联系, 准备在太空检测可行的解决方法。
1. What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?
A. They are hard to get rid of.
B. They lead to air pollution.
C. They appear in different forms.
D. They damage the instruments.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段的第二句. . . grow uncontrollably. . . , so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. 可推知细菌在太空很难除去。
2. What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?
A. To strengthen teacher-student relationships.
B. To sharpen students’ communication skills.
C. To allow students to experience zero gravity.
D. To link space technology with school education.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第二段特别是第一句话可推知中学的课堂和美国国家航空和航天局的工程师通过HUNCH项目联合, 再结合第四段的第一句话可知其目的是实现学校教育和太空科技的接轨, 让学生更好地去进行研究。故选D项。
3. What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?
A. Check their product.
B. Guide project designs.
C. Adjust work schedules.
D. Grade their homework.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA. 和最后一段的最后一句Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space. 可知学生会把研究结果让工程师在太空检测, 以验证他们的方法是否可行。故选A项。
4. What is the best title for the text?
A. NASA: The Home of Astronauts
B. Space: The Final Homework Frontier
C. Nature: An Outdoor Classroom
D. HUNCH: A College Admission Reform
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。HUNCH项目将中学研究项目和美国国家航空和航天局的问题联系在一起, 学生研究解决方法并在太空得以验证。故可称之为太空是检验学生研究项目的前沿阵地。故选B项。
