Ⅰ.阅读理解
Measles (麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine (疫苗)．But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing antivaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly.Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.
The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend.When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected.This is called “herd immunity”， which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can't be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn't work.
But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in.When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.That's exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N．Y., where a 17yearold caused an outbreak last year.
The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk.Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.
Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out (决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten.Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption (豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.
Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out.But no one does enough to limit exemptions.Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons.But personal opinions? Not good enough.Everyone enjoys the lifesaving benefits vaccines provide, but they'll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.
文章大意：本文是一篇健康方面的短文阅读。文章主要是介绍了曾经致命且几乎消失了的麻疹在近年来卷土重来，究其原因，是少数人拒绝注射疫苗，导致了自己及他人的健康受损，作者借此呼吁每个人都注射麻疹疫苗。
1.What does the first two paragraphs suggest？__C__
A．Information about measles spreads quickly.
B．Antivaccine movement has its medical reasons.
C．A few measles cases can start a dangerous trend.
D．The outbreak of measles attracts the public attention.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一、二段及第二段第一句话“The numbers might sound small but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend”．可知，美国麻疹病例数量证明了麻疹正在回潮，麻疹患者的数量虽然小，但是他们却是一种危险趋势的前沿。从而可以推断出，一些麻疹病例可能引发一种危险的趋势。故选C。
2.Herd immunity works well when __C__.
A．exemptions are allowed
B．several vaccines are used together
C．the whole neighborhood is involved in
D．new regulations are added to the state laws
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in.”可知，只有群体中所有人都参与进来了群体免疫才会有用。故选C。
3.What is the main reason for the comeback of measles？__D__
A．The overuse of vaccine.
B．The lack of medical care.
C．The features of measles itself.
D．The choice of some people.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“But the disease is making a comeback，caused by a growing antivaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly.”可知，那些反对注射疫苗的人以及错误传播的消息导致了麻疹疾病的复发，从而可以推断出，一些人选择拒绝注射疫苗导致麻疹的卷土重来。故选D。
4.What is the purpose of the passage？__C__
A．To introduce the idea of exemption.
B．To discuss methods to cure measles.
C．To stress the importance of vaccination.
D．To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.
解析：推理判断题。本文主要是介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会有这样的情况，最根本原因还是那些不注射疫苗的人导致的，所以可以推断出本文的目的是强调疫苗的作用。故选C。
