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What are dreams for? A handful of theories have the most influence. Sigmund Freud famously claimed that they reveal hidden truths and wishes. Despite being largely unsupported by evidence, researchers found that students in the U. S£®£¬ Korea, and India were much more likely to accept the view. In the same study, respondents said that dreaming about a plane crash would cause them more anxiety than an official warning about a terrorist attack. More recent research suggests that they may help us process intense emotions, or perhaps sort through and strengthen memories, or rehearse responses to threatening situations.

Even if dreams can't foretell the future, they seem to expose our shared fascinations. The majority of dreams occur during REM sleep cycles, of which the average person has four or five a night. A study of Canadian university students found the most common dream topics to be school, falling, being chased, and arriving too late for something.

For all the commonalities dreams exhibit, they vary across time—people who grew up watching black­and­white TV are more likely to dream in black and white—and culture. A 1958 study determined that compared with Japanese people, Americans dreamed more about being locked up, losing a loved one, finding money. Japanese people were more likely to dream about school, trying repeatedly to do something, being paralyzed with fear, or “wild, violent beasts. ”

If human dreams sound boring, bear in mind that even negative ones can have positive effects. In a study of students taking a French medical­school entrance exam, 60 percent of the dreams they had beforehand involved a problem with the exam, such as being late or leaving an answer blank. But those who reported dreams about the exam, even bad ones, did better on it than those who didn't.

1£®What do you know about Freud's view on dreaming?

A£®It will cause people more anxiety.

B£®It's already been proved by evidence.

C£®It's popular with some American and Asian students.

D£®It can reveal the hidden truth and predict the future.

2£®According to recent research, dreams may ________.

A£®make emotions intense

B£®help prepare for special situations

C£®reduce our memories

D£®help us take notes

3£®According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, which of the following is true?

A£®The average person has four or five REM sleep cycles a night.

B£®Canadian students aren't worried about being late for school.

C£®Americans usually share the same dream topics with Japanese.

D£®Films about wild beasts may be widely shown in America in 1958.

4£®If you dream that you failed the exam£¬________.

A£®your dream will come true

B£®you'll be depressed with fear

C£®you are supposed to take it seriously

D£®it shows that you care a lot about the exam