A
First aid is defined as the emergency care given to a sick or injured person.The goals of first aid are to prevent death and to prevent injuries from becoming worse.Each emergency condition is different.However, the following rules apply to any kind of emergency.
*Be aware of your limitations.Do not try to do more than you are able to.Nor should you do things if you are unfamiliar with them.Do what you can under the conditions at the time.
*Stay calm.Acting calmly will help the victim feel safe.
*Take a quick look to see if the victim is bleeding, and if there is a pulse.
*Keep the victim lying down and do not move him or her.You could make an injury worse if you move the victim.
*Call for help or ask someone to make the EMS system (急救系统) start.
*Keep the victim warm.Cover the victim with a blanket.Coats and sweaters can be used if a blanket can not be found.
*Reassure ( 使…… 安心) the victim.Explain what is happening and that help has been called.
*Do not give the victim any food or fruits.
*Keep the bystanders (旁观者) away from the victim.Bystanders want to have a look，offer advice，and say something about the victim's condition.The victim may believe that the condition is worse than it really is.
1. The main idea of the text is to tell ．
A. how to save a person
B. what to do when an accident happens
C. how to call for help
D. how to give first aid
2. The most important purpose of first aid is ．
A. to help the victim stay in a safe place
B. to keep the injured person calm
C. to stop death and to prevent injuries from becoming worse
D. to see if the injured person is still living
3. The purpose of keeping the bystanders away from the victim is: ．
A. not to kill the patients
B. not so many people are needed
C. the more people,the more bacteria
D. do not let too many bystanders around to interrupt the victim.
4. Which of the following is not correct? ．
A. Do what you can and call for help at once.
B. Stay calm and look at the condition carefully.
C. Keep the victim warm by giving the victim some hot water.
D. Have the patients sent to the nearest hospital
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D 4. C
【解析】
本文属于说明文，主要讲述了在事故发生时，如何来减少死亡或不让事态进一步恶化。
1题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文的目的主要是告诉人们当事故发生时，如何进行急救来减少死亡或者是不让事态进一步恶化。分析选项可知D项符合题意。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The goals of first aid are to prevent death and to prevent injuries from becoming worse.” 急救的目标是防止死亡和防止伤害恶化，可知C项正确。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。结合最后一段中的"The victim may believe that the condition is worse than it really is"可知,受害者会认为情况比真实的情况更糟糕,故选D项。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二下面提供的第4项规则 “Keep the victim warm. Cover the victim with a blanket.”让受害者躺下，不要移动他或她。从文中所给的急救知识可知C项是正确的，故选C项。
