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(2018南昌高三二模)
Traditionally,robots have been hard,made of metal and other rigid material: But a team of scientists at Harvard University in the US has managed to build an entirely soft robot—one that draws inspiration from an octopus (章鱼).
Described in science journal Nature,the “Octobot” could pave the way for more effective autonomous robots that could be used in search,rescue and exploration.“The Octobot is a minimal system which may serve as a foundation for a new generation of completely soft,autonomous robots,”the study’s authors wrote.
Robots built for precise,repetitive movements in a controlled environment don’t do so well on rough terrains (地形) or in unpredictable conditions.And they aren’t especially safe around humans,because they’re made out of hard and heavy parts that could be potentially dangerous to their users.
So researchers have been working on building soft robots for decades. They’ve taken inspiration from nature,looking to animals from jellyfish to cockroaches,which are often made up of more flexible matter.
But creating a completely soft robot remains a challenge.Even if engineers build a silicone (硅酮) body,it’s still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts,such as a source of power.
“Although soft robotics is still in its early stage,it holds great promise for several applications,such as search-and-rescue operations and exploration,”Barbara Mazzolai and Virgilio Mattoli of the Italian Institute of Technology’s Center for Micro-BioRobotics,wrote in a comment.“Soft robots might also open up new approaches to improving wellness and the quality of life.”
1. What’s the special feature of “Octobot”?
A.It’s soft. B.It’s made of metal.
C.It’s very small. D.It looks like an octopus.
2.What’s the disadvantage of traditional robots?
A.They’re hard to control. B.They’re too heavy to move.
C.They can’t predict conditions. D.They can’t behave well all the time.
3.One of the biggest challenges is to build Octobot’s .
A.silicone body B.complex components
C.precise movements D.flexible power source
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,美国哈佛大学的科学家受到章鱼的启发,制造了软体机器人。这种机器人可用于搜救、探险等行业,比常规机器人更安全。尽管软体机器人的开发和研究尚在早期阶段,但这种机器人的出现也许会为人的健康和生活品质的提高提供新的途径。
答案及剖析:
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句中的“The Octobot is a minimal system... completely soft,autonomous robots”可知,Octobot的特点是柔软。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,传统机器人无法在崎岖的地形上很好地运行,此外,由于坚硬并沉重的金属部件,传统机器人可能会对人体产生伤害,故可推知,传统机器人并非总是很好地运行。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第五段的第二句“Even if engineers build a silicone body...such as a source of power.”可知,即使工程师利用硅酮制造出了软体机器人的身体,但建造柔韧性强的关键部件仍面临巨大的挑战,如动力来源。所以制造软体机器人最大的挑战之一是柔韧性强的动力来源。
