1.功能:相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语。
2.位置:定语从句置于被修饰词之后。
Those who are for the plan raise your hands,please.
3.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。
先行词一般是名词和不定代词,如:some-,any-,every-和no-与-body,-thing的合成词;或all,none,any,some,that,those等代词。数词也可以作先行词,人称代词也同样可作先行词。
4.关系词:连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。
关系代词:who,whom,which,that,whose,as等
关系副词:when,where,why等
5.确定关系词的步骤:
(1)先找先行词,看先行词指的是什么。
(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
注意:先行词与关系词是等量关系。
(1)先行词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.
(2)关系词在从句句子中充当了成分,其意思就是先行词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意。
There are many places we can visit (them) in China.
6.在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which:
(1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,the only,the very,few等修饰时。
(3)先行词为all,much,little,none,few,something,anything等不定代词时。
(4)先行词中既有人又有物时。
He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.