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2016高考英语语法讲解:名词性从句

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  在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
  17.1 引导名词性从句的连接词
  引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
  连接词: that, whether ,if (不充当从句的任何成分)
  连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which
  连接副词:when, where, how, why
  不可省略的连词:
  1. 介词后的连词
  2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。例如:
  That she was chosen made us very happy. 她被选上了,我们很高兴。
  We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。
  比较:whether与if 均为\"是否\"的意思。 但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:
  1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
  2. 引导表语从句
  3. whether从句作介词宾语
  4. 从句后有\"or not\"
  大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。例如:
  It is not important who will go. 谁去,这不重要。
  It is still unknown which team will win the match. 到底谁赢呢,形势尚不明朗。
  17.2 名词性that-从句
  1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语。例如:
  主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck.  他还活着全靠运气。
  宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
  表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
  同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
  近来谁也没有见过他,这一情况令办公室所有的人不安。
  形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
  2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末。例如:
  It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。
  It\'s a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
  用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:
  a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
  It is necessary that…    有必要……
  It is important that…    重要的是……
  It is obvious that…     很明显……
  b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
  It is believed that…     人们相信……
  It is known to all that…    从所周知……
  It has been decided that…   已决定……
  c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
  It is common knowledge that…  ……是常识
  It is a surprise that…   令人惊奇的是……
  It is a fact that…     事实是……
  d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
  It appears that…      似乎……
  It happens that…      碰巧……
  It occurred to me that…   我突然想起……

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